How do strong currents form deep in the ocean?

Ocean currents can be defined as the movement of ocean waters due to the differences between gravity, wind and density and temperature of water.

The surface currents that arise due to Earth's rotation and strong seasonal winds are cold and nutrient-rich currents that come to the surface from deep regions.

Deep water currents are water movements taking place on the ocean floor due to density difference and gravity.

Ocean waters reaching the polar regions freeze by freezing and thus become more dense. Changing the temperature and salinity of the water causes the difference in density. More dense water moving towards the ocean floor replaces water from lower latitudes. As a result of these waters cooling and moving deep, a global water current process starts to work.

The deep water currents in the North Atlantic move southward and travel to Antarctica. Then it divides into two branches and reaches the Indian and Pacific basin. As you approach the equator, the heated water moves towards the surface and the two currents coming from different directions merge again in the South Atlantic Ocean and return to the North Atlantic Ocean. The relatively warmer North Atlantic current from the south causes Western Europe's climate to be milder.