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Our blood group is inherited from our characteristics. There are types of blood group classification according to the type of antigens on the red blood cells and antibodies in the blood plasma. The most known of these is the classification in which A, B and O system and Rh system are used together.
Most of the blood cells are produced by the bone marrow, which has a spongy structure in the cavities inside some bones. Bone marrow transplant is a method used in the treatment of some blood and bone diseases and some types of cancer. A person's blood group may change after a bone marrow transplant.
In bone marrow transplantation, the patient is first given high doses of chemotherapy or radiation, so that his bone marrow loses its function and diseased blood cells are destroyed. The bone marrow stem cells from the donor are then transplanted to the patient. Since the blood cells are produced by the bone marrow from the donor after transplantation, the patient's blood group returns to the donor's blood group within a few weeks.
Tissue compatibility between the patient and the donor is very important for bone marrow transplantation. For this, it is checked whether antigens (HLA) on the surface of white blood cells are compatible, not blood groups.
In addition to marrow transplant, some diseases, although very rare, can cause changes in the blood group. Also in 2015, results in the Journal of the American Chemical Society journal published a study on the surface of red blood cells and the scientists discovered an enzyme that removes the B antigen. This development may mean that the blood group may be artificially changed in the future.