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The information obtained to date shows that the earth consists of different layers. Outermost is the crust of the earth, under the crust is the mantle, and under the mantle is the outer core. The innermost core is the inner core. The temperature of these layers increases as we go from the earth to the center. According to the researches, the temperature of the inner core is thought to be around 6000 °C.
Rocks in the parts of the mantle near the surface (about 100-200 km deep) can be found in the molten state due to high temperature and pressure. Since the molten rocks (called magma) are less dense than the solid rocks around them, the magma rises from these cracks and rises to the surface. If the magma's fluidity is high, dissolved gases in it easily escape and act as lava flow when the magma reaches the surface. However, if the viscosity of the magma is low, the gases in it cannot escape, and under the effect of increasing pressure, the magma bursts to the surface.